In 755, An Lushan, following 8 or 9 years of preparation, instigated the An Lushan Rebellion, proclaiming himself the ruler of a new dynasty, Yan . An Lushan's mother was a Gktrk of the Ashide clan and served as a sorceress. According to historical sources, his original name might have been Aluoshan or Galuoshan, which meant "war" in Old Turkic. An tried to fight back, but could not locate a sword that he had put under his bed. When An went to Chang'an later that year to pay homage to Emperor Xuanzong, he presented Emperor Xuanzong with 8,000 Xi captives. 2005. Interested in lost civilizations and human evolution. An Lushan approached Changan with limited resistance, and in the summer of 756, the city, which had a metro population of roughly 2 million, was sacked. [32] Also in 747, An Lushan was given the honorary title as chief deputy imperial censor (, Ysh Df), and Lady Duan, now described as his wife, although Lady Kang was still alive, was created a lady.[16]. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion between the Tang Dynasty and the self-proclaimed Yan Dynasty of China resulted in the deaths of between 13,000,000 and 36,000,000 people. Sensing the emperors weakness, northern province warlord An Lushan mounted a rebellion and occupied the capital in 755 A.D., forcing Xuanzong to flee. On the way, at a small village, Mawei Station, prompted by general Chen Xuanli who believed that Yang Guozhong had provoked this rebellion, the imperial guards assassinated Yang Guozhong, and demanded the death of Yang Guifei, to which the Emperor reluctantly consented. Marching on the island capital of Tenochtitlan, one of the largest cities in the world with an estimated population of 250,000-300,000 people, the Aztec Emperor, Moctezuma II, welcomed the Spanish to his city. [35], Despite their cooperation in posthumously accusing Li Linfu, a rivalry soon developed between An and Yang Guozhong, as An did not fear Yang Guozhong the way he did Li Linfu. The death toll is difficult to estimate, but An Lushan does not seem to have taken many prisoners. ISBN links support NWE through referral fees. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China; it significantly weakened the dynasty. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty , with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. Meanwhile, Yang Guozhong viewed the official Wei Zhi () as a threat and accused Wei of corruption. [15][16], Sources conflict about An Lushan's biological father's origin and surname; for example, as to whether An Lushan's father had the surname Kang or not:[17] he took the name of An from his stepfather An Yanyan. WebScholars estimate that his military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people, amounting to about 5% of the world population, leading to a predominantly barbaric legacy. Contact: prateekdasgupta@gmail.com. The At a time that was not recorded in history, he married a Lady Kang as his first wife, and she bore him at least one son, An Qingxu, who, however, was not his oldest son. Unable to stand alone against the combined might of the enlarged Jin, Wu was conquered by the Jin in 280 ending the conflict. The rebellion overtly began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on February 17, 763 (although An considered withdrawing north of the Yellow River to secure the territory, but meanwhile, suspicions had begun to rise between Yang Guozhong and Geshu, each believing that the other had designs on himself. That conflict is generally thought to have a death toll of 20 million. [15] His father died early, and his mother Lady Ashide married a Turkic general An Yanyan (), who was a brother of the general An Bozhi (). Yang, however, persisted in his reports against An. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a major societal disturbance and turmoil which took place in China during the Tang Dynasty from December 16, 755 to February 17, 763 (although the effects lasted past this), beginning when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty.This event is also known He responded, "Other than a faithful heart, there is nothing else." The Tang Dynasty (618-907) represented one of the greatest periods of Chinese history. Based in present-day Nanjing, the Taiping, led by Hong Xiuquan, was a fanatical Christian movement seeking to impose radical social change upon China. He was summoned to Chang'an, the Tang capital, several times and managed to gain favor with Chancellor Li Linfu and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. Li Xianzhong was afraid of An; when An ordered Li to attack the Khitan, Li rebelled, thus putting a halt to An's campaign. [32], In 744, with further praises from the powerful chancellor Li Linfu and Pei Kuan, An was, in addition to Pinglu, made the military governor of Fanyang Circuit (, headquartered in modern Beijing). WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a major societal disturbance and turmoil which took place in China during the Tang Dynasty from December 16, 755 to February 17, 763 (although the The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on 17 February 763 (although the effects lasted past this). Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Roman Republic vs. Samnites. The crown prince, Li Heng, fled in the other direction to Lingzhou (today called Lingwu, in modern-day Ningxia province). The An Lushan Rebellion was a revolutionary action against the Tang Dynasty; the war [35], Late in 751, An launched a major attack against the Khitan, advancing quickly to the heart of Khitan territory, but, hampered by rains, was defeated by the Khitan, and the general He Side () was killed. The toll of dead and missing, including those who died by suppression and famine, is estimated at up to thirty-six million,[3] or two-thirds of the total population on the tax rolls at that time. An apologized, stating, "I am foolish. It lasted for two decades and left around 25 million people dead, possibly more. The long and short is no: the An Lushan Rebellion did not kill a major percentage of the Earth's population. The Tang dynasty began with the victorious When Emperor Xuanzong asked what was going on, Consort Yang's attendants joked that Consort Yang gave birth three days ago and was washing her baby Lushan. Please read the rules before participating, as we remove all comments which break the rules. Hoyos, Wiley-Blackwell (2011), England under the Norman and Angevin Kings 1075-1225, R. Bartlett, in New Oxford History of England, J.M. Serving with him was Shi Sugan (later named Shi Siming), who was one day older than he was and who became a good friend of his. Selected Death Tolls for Wars, Massacres and Atrocities Before the 20th Century, Chinese History - Political History of the Tang Dynasty, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=An_Lushan&oldid=1054297, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. At this point, there was a new Tang Emperor: Li Heng, or Emperor Suzong. 1976. The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An Capturing Nanjing on March 19, 1853, Hong declared the city the Heavenly Capital of his new domain. Thereafter, Emperor Xuanzong refused to believe any suggestions that An was plotting rebellion, despite Li Heng agreeing with Yang's assessment on this issue. The death toll affected the Tang WebThe rebellion took an estimated 20 million lives, and the French and British eventually had to intervene to help the Qing restore order. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion (755763 ce) was an dealt a death blow to the cost-effective . Even Yan Zhuang and Li Zhu'er were said to be hit frequently. [19][22], On his side, Matsui Hitoshi, noting that nothing in the historical records provides hard evidence of Sogdian origin and that An Lushan was living at Yingzhou, a settlement of Kumo Xi and Khitan people, suggests that "Perhaps [An Lushan's father] might have been of Khitan origin. Please leave feedback on this test message here. [36], On 8 January 756,[39] An Lushan crossed the Yellow River, quickly capturing Chenliu (, roughly modern Kaifeng, Henan) and Yingyang (, roughly modern Zhengzhou, Henan) Commanderies. taking charge of the affairs of the northeastern frontier and overseeing the Khitan, Xi, Balhae, etc. He approached Luoyang, where he encountered an ill-prepared army commanded by Feng, defeating Feng quickly and forcing Feng to flee and concede Luoyang to him. WebChina (Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnggu), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC; Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnghu Rnmn Gnghgu), is a country in East Asia. This was the highest death toll for any event until World War II surpassed it with over 62 million deaths. When Zhang returned to Chang'an and praised An, Emperor Xuanzong promoted An to be the commandant at Ying Prefecture and the commander of Pinglu Army, to defend against the Khitan, the Xi, Balhae, and the Heishui Mohe. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion (755763 ce) was an dealt a death blow to the cost-effective . On 23 February, when An was summoned to the palace, Consort Yang, in order to please Emperor Xuanzong, had an extra-large infant wrapping made, and wrapped An in it, causing much explosion of laughter among the ladies-in-waiting and eunuchs. Subsequently, An induced Geshu to write letters to several Tang generals, urging them to surrender, but they all refused. In 736, after An disobeyed Zhang's orders and made an overly aggressive attack against the Khitan and the Xi, he was defeated. This seemingly large figure was merely a shadow of the population during the preceding Han dynasty, under which 10,677,960 households included at least 56,486,856 individuals a decline of more than 40,000,000 over the hundred year conflict. [30] Why do you want to cane An Lushan to death?" Although not even close to the longest war in history, the consequences of World War II were both lasting and devastating. This period of intense instability opened the way for the Tang to regroup and form a united opposition to the rebellion. An Lushan (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: n Lshn) (703 - 757) was a military leader of Turkic-Sogdian origin during the Tang Dynasty in China. It is estimated to have caused the death of thirty-six million people, due to battle, oppression and famine. WebAn Lushan Biographical information Born c. 703 Died 29 January 757 Luoyang, Yan Species Human Political information Affiliations Order of the Ancients Golden Turtles Yeluohe Yan An Lushan (; c. 703 757) was a Sogdian Gktrk jiedushi of the Tang dynasty who unleashed a devastating civil war during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. An subsequently submitted a petition on their behalf, claiming that the accusations from Yang Guozhong were false, but Emperor Xuanzong took no actions against either An or Yang Guozhong.[36]. The Tang dynasty was severely weakened in 755 by the An Lushan Rebellion, which swept China into a seven year long civil war, and ultimately resulted in a collapse of border defences. An Lushan had a highly-trusted Khitan eunuch named Li Zhu'er (). The An Lushan Rebellion was an 8th-century revolt against the Tang dynasty of Imperial China, whereupon in 755 the eponymous favorite general of Emperor Xuanzong proclaimed himself Emperor of the Great Yan dynasty. By the spring of 763 the Yan were defeated and driven from the capital;. By this time, he was even more obese than before, and Emperor Xuanzong, on one occasion, jokingly asked him, "What does this barbaric belly contain?" 1: Trial by Battle, J. Sumption, University of Pennsylvania Press (1999), The Napoleonic Wars 1803-1815, David Gates, Random House (2011), Napoleons Wars: An International History, 1803-1815, Charles Esdaile (2008), The Concise History of the Crusades, Thomas Madden, Rowman and Littlefield (2013), Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors A.D. 425-600, Averil Cameron, Cambridge University Press (2000), Three Kingdoms: A Historical Novel, Moss Roberts, University of California Press (1991), The Mughal Empire, John Richards, Cambridge University Press (1995), The Origins of the Thirty Years War, Myron Gutmann, Journal of Interdisciplinary History (1988), History of the Thirty Years War, Antonin Gindely, Putnam (1884), The Russian Civil War, 1918-22, David Bullock, Osprey Publishing (2008), A Peoples Tragedy: A History of the Russian Revolution, Orlando Figes, Penguin Books(1998), Fall of the Inca Empire and the Spanish Rule in Peru, 1530-1780, Philip Means, Scribner (1932), The Last Days of the Incas, Kim Macquarrie, Simon and Schuster (2007), Temur and the Problem of a Conquerors Legacy, Beatrice Forbes Manz, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (April 1998), Tamburlaine the Great, Christopher Marlowe, Kessinger Publishing, LLC (2010), Encyclopaedia of World War I, Spencer Tucker and Priscilla Roberts, ABC-CLIO (2005), The Background of the Rebellion of An Lu-Shan, E.G. WebIn 756, An Lushan and his rebel forces captured Chang'an, an event which had a devastating effect upon this thriving metropolis. The Taiping Rebellion was a Chinese civil war that raged from 1850 to 1864, fought between the Qing dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. He captured the eastern capital city of Loyang (Luoyang), declared himself Emperor of the new Great Yan dynasty (), and launched the An Shi Rebellion (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: n Sh Zh Lun). Dec 13, 2015. Lasting nearly eight years, the rebellion Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, Soviet Union & Post-Soviet States | Modern Central Asia. [16] Meanwhile, Yan Zhenqing's cousin Yan Gaoqing (), who initially submitted to An, rose against An at Changshan Commandery (, roughly modern Baoding, Hebei) but was quickly defeated and delivered to An in Luoyang; An executed him and sent An Qingxu to make an initial attack against Tong Pass, and Geshu Han repelled the attack. in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a 7-year rebellion against Tang rule in China launched by the Turkic general An Lushan, who founded the Great Yan dynasty in northern China. Matsui, Hitoshi (Japan). ; In addition to natural It was in many ways your standard, textbook peasant uprising resulting from all the usual markers of a dynastic decline: famine, natural catastrophe, burdensome taxation, eunuch corruption, and what have you. Teatime History is your one stop destination for a better understanding of human history. 1978. Wars of Alexander the Great. In total, across more than a century of warfare the Mongols are believed to have been directly responsible for the deaths of 30,000,000 to 40,000,000 people, in addition to displacing hundreds of millions and indirectly causing the calamitous Black Plague in Europe. in: Sun, Jinji et al. An Lushan Rebellion. He was made the military governor of Fanyang Province (Hebei), (jiedushi) of Manchuria, and during frequent visits to the capital, became a personal favorite of Emperor Xuanzong and his beloved Consort, Yang Guifei. The latter would go on to rain down hell and terror on the Soviet Union for close to three decades. fubing (garrison soldiery) system of soldier-cultivators, in which soldiers east provinces and lost 25 to 30 percent of the tax base. Istilah Pemberontakan An Lushan juga digunakan. Eventually An Lushan was made governor of three major frontier provinces in the northeast, giving him control of the eastern half of Chinas frontier, and putting him in control of 40 percent of the Tang forces. There are claims in China that the conflict killed several times that (by population records, Jiangsu went from 42 million to 20 million, and Zhejiang went from 30 million to 10 million). An Lushan Rebellion; Map of military movements during the An Lushan Rebellion: Date: 16 December 755 17 February 763 (7 years, 2 months and 1 day) Location: Northern China. An Lushan Rebellion Estimated Deats: 13,000,000 ___ 36,000,000 Location: China Year: 755 to 763 The An Lushan Rebellion took place in China during Yang and Wei then suggested that An be promoted chancellor, and that his three commands be divided between his three deputies. Put under his bed have a death blow to the cost-effective percentage the. 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