For instance, some games are usually held during the summer, and others are held during the winter. With such a low R squared value, the regression line does not predict many of the points and can not be considered a good fit to the relationship. This means that the hypothesis was supported because it stated that if the uniform temperature of a tennis ball is increased, then it will bounce higher. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); can u pls also mention the results u get by doing the experiment? Findings from University of Sydney Tennis Warehouse Study (2016), weather and environment can influence not only the way tennis strings. Click the "Experiment" button to find out! The conclusion for the two different ball types will show which is in fact is a better ball in each of the different situations. But there is a possible explanation for the behavior, though it was not measured during the test. Figure 8 presents just such a picture grouped by materials. Conclusion. This experiment was performed to determine the effect of temperature on the stiffness, elongation, tension loss, and maintenance of tennis strings. Results for Setup #2 ‐ Elongation, Tension and Stiffness vs Temperature. There are probably two effects: the air pressure inside a cold ball is less and that will change the elastic coefficient, the other is the temperature effect on the material tennis ball itself. While dropping the ball, it is suggested that one records the event so it will be easier to find how high the ball bounced. Many things are better when aged, and I would like to know if this is also true for tennis balls. The p-value remains, as it should at zero, when the regression was plotted in Graph 5, 6 the R squared value showed little improvement, few points are still predicted by the regressed line. It is also an ideal learning opportunity that can show us how the effects of temperature cause variations in the bouncing ability of a tennis ball. They were first used by the French monks in the game known asJeu de Paume. (Borlings, 2011)These balls were often packed with sawdust wrapped in leather. A quadratic fit was next tried it is represented in Tables 9, 10 and Graphs 7, 8. Stiffness and elongation are proportional to temperature, though the effect is not great. Leave 2 out for 10 mins so they can come to room temperature. The machine stretched the string at 100 mm/min until tension reached 280 N. There was a 100 second wait during which tension loss was recorded. (Incorporation, 2011)The spherical rubber would then be molded to an actual sphere in heated cavities. Therefore, gas molecules can easily expand or contract. Heating before tensioning would simulate the effect of temperature during the stringing/tensioning process. Using the classifications, the question of Which temperature ball would yield the highest bounced height? would be answered. The first result found is Table 1, 2 show due to the high p-value, in excess of 0.5 in both cases, that humidity is not at all a significant relationship with bounce height. Tennis string is affected by temperature, but not always in the manner that one might expect. Here, weve detailed some of the main ways in which the weather and environment can influence not only the way tennis strings react and work but also the match overall. When a tennis ball hits the ground, the force presses against the ball, pushing the bottom surface of the ball in to the core and compressing the gas inside of it. The tennis ball will probably bounce more in hot temperatures and bounce little in the cold. Confirming beliefs and behaviors is as important, if not as sexy, as exposing the myths and follies of our concepts. The green represents the felt on the ball, and the black represents the hollow core. Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. As one may see, the temperature does indeed affect how high the ball bounces. Here is the table for this graph showing the actual height in which the ball bounced. Tension loss by temperature is shown in Figure 11. Thus, each string at 0 C was stiffest, followed by 20 C and 40 C (Figure 7). The thing that is changing is the temperature of the tennis ball. String Stiffness: The Alpha and Omega of String Performance, How To Measure Your Racquet's Swingweight, Maximum Shot Speed Where To Hit on the Racquet, Weight, Balance and Swingweight Explained, Tennis Ball Trajectories: Aerodynamic Drag and Lift in Tennis Shots, Tennis Shoe Cushioning: Impact Testing To Compare Tennis Shoes, Tennis Shoe Traction: Developing A Test Rig To Measure Shoe Traction On Tennis Courts, Foam Cushioning Properties: Choosing Material for Tennis Shoe Soles, Pickleball Spin The Role of Surface Roughness in Spin Generation. Experiment. Retrieved 8 24, 2012, from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_ball, Your email address will not be published. Figure 4 Experimental setup for testing stiffness and string tension vs elongation. Upon conclusion, I am to determine why resistance was limited during the activity. From the things they can controllike diet, rest, and conditioning, to the things that are relatively less predictablelike weather conditions and temperature, good players are continually considering all eventualities. The amount is highly material specific, with gut, nylon, and polyester losing the least tension in that order. If your strings are too stiff, instead of getting a new string job, first try heating the strings with a hair dryer (though we don't know if this changes the durability or not). Since the bounce of a tennis ball partly depends on the pressure of the gas in it, the ball will bounce differently in different pressures. Results for Setup #1 tension loss vs timing of heat application. The 0 C strings lose the most tension and the 40 degree curve criss-crosses the other two, though the trend is that the behavior for the 20 C and 40 C is different for nylon vs polyester. Pen. Bibliography .:. Easy Experiment. Then, drop the ball from a height of one meter. This is because the gas molecules inside the ball expand . How Do Different Surfaces Effect The Bounce Of A Tennis Ball? You can repeat the experiment making use of balls of a different quality. By not rejecting H0 means the two different balls would be considered equal. If we graph post-relaxation stiffness vs temperature for each string, we begin to see some patterns. Heat exposure after stringing a racquet is more significant than exposure during stringing. Repeat for each of the hot and cold balls and record the readings for each ball. 4.Tennis ball D was placed in the preheated oven for 90 minutes. Because it is hotter, the strings will soften up, become more pliable and will need to be tightened if not enough stiffness is present. Exploratorium: That's The Way The Ball Bounces. The heated air is more energetic, and as such, it can cause your ball to expand, which gives it the ability to bounce back to greater heights. Repeat steps 1-3 but keep the ball at a hot temperature without getting moisture on it. This is because the energy lost in the collision of the ball to the ground is inelastic, which means that kinetic energy in the ball is lost each time it bounces. The ball will not bounce much in the winter, which means that the players will not be as active on the field as they are during the summer season. Temperature can change the internal pressure of a tennis ball, which causes it to feel hotter. 1a Heat before tensioning. How hot the object or how cold the object. Today there is said to be 25,000,000 bocce ball players in the United States. 28 Oct. 2014. Most players focus on tension, but that is only useful in as much as it predicts stiffness, which is often the case for comparing an individual string at different tensions but not for comparing different strings to each other. Hockey Stick Contribution to Puck Speed in Slap Shots, Introduction to the Physics of Hockey Sticks. Table 9: Ball 1 vs. For nylon, the 40 string loses more tension than the 20 string. Percentages of the tennis balls bounce. This will give you a visual presentation of the bounce heights and the temperatures, which means that determining whether hot or cold balls can bounce to a higher height will be a lot easier. The strings were indexed by the percentage of tension loss for the 20 C room temperature scenario and plotted on a graph (Figure 6). Throughout this essay, I will not only explain what each of Newtons three laws mean, but provide a real life example of how it could relate to the game of bocce ball. If you are looking to add a bit of friendly sabotage to your tennis opponents game, consider popping a few of his tennis balls in the freezer beforehand. co2 is carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide is an expanding gas. The sample standard deviations for ball 1 and 2 were now found. Dependant variables:How High the Ball Bounces. Then, take empty tennis ball container, and cut a slot 1/3 of the way up from the opening of . Ball History. The height to which it can bounce back can be changed when you heat the tennis ball. This is not the expected result. The temperature of a tennis ball greatly affects how high it bounces. Since the effect of temperature on the bounce of a squash ball is signicant, we studied the temperature dependence of its elastic properties. As the tennis ball returns to its normal shape, the gas inside the ball acts as a spring and causes the ball to bounce into the air. Tension stabilization continues forever, but at a continually decreasing pace. Gather 15 to 20 tennis balls and a measuring tape. Energy Flow and Return Between a Tennis Ball and Stringbed, Free-standing vs Hand-held Racquet Testing. As an experiment, you can try to heat a tennis ball and see how well it will bounce. Tension was recorded throughout the process. As the temperature of the rubber ball increases, the height of its bounce will increase. (Sheehan, 2011)Also, as most people know, the molecules that make up gas can easily expand or contract. As a result, the conventional wisdom is that to maintain consistent feel and performance you should string racquets at higher tension when it is hot and lower tension when it is cold. Some interesting results can be found in an analysis of the experiment results. As a result, a cold ball has a much lower bounce. These acquired values show that the line is a good predictor of future points and where they will fall. Thus it takes quick reaction time and reflexes to play at higher levels. Does the Temperature of a Basketball Affect the Bounce of the Ball? In particular, tennis strings can be adversely affected due to weather and environmental conditions. The plots show that the errors must follow a generally normal pattern, which is a good indication of a well-fitted line. Results for Setup #2 ‐ Elongation, Tension and Stiffness vs Temperature. Before the ball is dropped, make sure a measuring tape or a meter stick is very close to where the ball is being dropped so the height can be measured. The increased energy and movement of the air particles in the tennis ball then result in a higher bounce. The greatest effect observed in this experiment was that exposing a string to high temperatures after post-tensioning stabilization/relaxation has occurred (as in leaving the racquet in the car during hot weather) produces the greatest decrease in tension. The pressure of the gas inside of the tennis ball is what determines how high the ball will bounce. Then the stretch continued at 100 mm/min up to 380 N. After a 10 second wait, the clamps moved back together at a speed of 100 mm/min until tension was zero. Retrieved 8 24, 2012, from ITF Tennis: http://www.itftennis.com/technical/equipment/balls/history.asp, Sheehan, K. (2011, March 11). Figure 8 Closeup of stiffness vs temperature for each nylon and polyester string. Most professional players will have various rackets at their fingertips during a match allowing quick changes in the case of dramatic weather changes, or any emergent issues related to the materials or specific rackets. Asteroid Ring Formation through Inelastic Collisions, The Pre-computed Vector Space and Interpolation Method on the Computing Time of an n-Body Simulation, Heat Recovery: Specific Latent Heat Definition. This is expected. With an increase in the temperature, the gas molecules within the tennis ball start to expand. So, in the stretch phase, colder strings elongate less and provide less time for the molecular bonds to respond to the stress caused by the stretch. 1b Heat after tensioning and stabilization. The data from this experiment will show their differences. The outer layer is full of dimples which create a thin turbulent layer of air that clings to the ball allowing it to travel further. For the sake of our experiment today, you will need to have a concrete floor or other hard surfaces that will be used to perform the bouncing test. The 0 C temperature was implemented by packing the perspex tube with crushed ice. Any type of extreme temperature, whether hot or cold, will cause undue wear on the strings. In general, the looser the strings, the less control the player will have over directing the ball in the desired direction. Thermometer Hi I am Andrew. After the 20 minutes, take out the ball. Many athletes use basketballs, soccer balls, and volley balls to play their sports. It is the interplay between stretch rate, stretch amount, stretch duration, temperature, and stress relaxation that effects the amount of tension loss that occurs only in the relaxation period (the period that was measured to get "tension loss"). This type of heating has a permanent effect. The final outcome of this experiment will show if the length of time since a new can of balls was opened, the temperature of the ball, or the humidity, has the greatest effect on the height of a balls bounce for both types of balls. This increases the time it takes to achieve the target tension. While we think primarily about the effect of temperature on rackets and their strings, theres one thing that is also significantly affected by high temperatures: the balls themselves. Record the temperature. Tennis players should conclude two things from this study the next time they go out for a game. Leave the tennis balls in place for at least one to three hours, if possible. Then, analyze the information. Generally, temperature affects a ball's resiliency, the spin and the density of the air through which the ball travels. Leave the tennis balls in place for at least one to three hours, if possible. Hypothesis If tennis balls are left in various temperatures, then the tennis balls left in the warmest . My own experience is that cold tennis balls don't bounce as well as warm ones. Now the equilibrium between the tension and the bonds is broken. This means that the tennis ball becomes dead after ten games, and after that, it is in a bricked state, and for this reason, it can not be used anymore. The results are not quite as tidy and a bit unexpected. We just wanted to let you know that we got a lot of information from this. Your email address will not be published. The question of concern was whether adding heat after stabilization would start (or accelerate) tension loss. The tennis balls were left for 4 hours to adequately cool down. Repeat 6 times to obtain 6 marks. It will, however, continue to equalize stress after tensioning more quickly than the unheated string, so will lose a bit more tension than the unheated string. So, for the most part, adapting to weather or other environmental conditions can usually be done relatively quickly. For instance, you can use old balls for the second round of the experiment compared to new balls. The balls which were placed in a freezer had a bounce percentage of 54.90. During fast volley bouts your muscles often react. Tennis balls in the 1400s were quite similar to the first tennis balls, butthey were stuffed with chalk, sand, sawdust, or earth. A tennis ball is designed as a hollow rubber core with pressurized air. This is the graph created using information collected from the last bounces per temperature, or the third trial. Setup #2 Stiffness, Elongation, and Tension vs Temperature. Stress relaxation occurs both during and after stretching. Setup #1 Tension vs timing of heat application. Crawford Lindsey, Tennis Warehouse, San Luis Obispo, CA. The kinetic, Tennis is a game of speed and reflex. You should find that the heated balls bounce the highest, followed by the room temperature balls, then the refrigerated balls, with the frozen tennis balls bouncing the least. The independent variable is temperature. Add up all the ten readings and divide them by ten to find the mean height to which each ball could bounce back to at a specific temperature. Does Air Pressure Affect the Bounce of a Basketball? An increase in R squared to values of 0.974 and 0.957 were seen and suggests that the quadratic fit is even better than the linear one. The Effect of Temperature, Time, and Humidity on the Bounce of Tennis Balls. Many aspects of the game of Bocce ball can be relatable to the simple concepts of Newtons original three laws, from the balls hitting each other (Newtons third law), to throwing balls harder to increase the force and then slowing down (Newtons first and second laws). A normal tennis ball has a rubber core occupied with a gas that is composed of unorganized molecules or atoms that move around freely. This reordering occurs during both the stretching and post-stretching phases. And according to the experimenters, tension is, in reality, a determinant of stiffness. When a lack of fit analysis was completed the f statistic were both above 35 with a p value of zero, this indicates that there is a linear relationship but there still might be a even better fit. Here is a diagram of the structure of a tennis ball. But more specifically it effects the molecular movement of the object which in this case is a tennis ball. The colder, the lower the ball bounces, and vice versa. Temperature Cubic ANOVA. Figure 6 Composite view of tension loss by string and temperature history (indexed in order of tension loss at room temperature of 20 C). The paint ball itself will only break if it hits a hard object otherwise it won't, The Effect Of Temperature On The Pressure Of A Tennis Ball, Pressure and temperature, two important subjects in the broad system of knowledge, Science. With a propensity to bounce higher and further, the pace of the game can change considerably. In doing this, high percentages of the efforts are normally exerted at the upper extremity of the body, while the rest at the lower extremity of the body. The most striking result is how much tension is lost during the 40 C post-tensioning-heating scenario compared to room temperature. Temperature Cubic ANOVA, Table 14: Ball 2 vs. Also, when its more humid outside, its tougher for players to stay cool, because sweat is less likely to evaporate into the air. The part of a paintball gun that is used to shoot the ball accurately is the barrel. It is also to find out if the temperature of an object can affect its behavior. Sheet3. Drop the ball from that height, and measure how high it bounced. (Sheehan, 2011)On impact, the gas will be caused to move toward the ground. Figure 11 Tension loss by temperature in setup #2. NOTE: IEEE WAS NOT AVAILABLE FOR CITATIONS, SUBMITTED TO SABIO ACADEMY TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SR 90 JUNIOR RESEARCH COURSE AT SABIO ACADEMY. Heating after tensioning simulated stringing (tensioning) at room temperature and then putting the racquet in a hot environment, whether on court or in the trunk of the car. The ruler was placed firmly on the ground at 90 such that it stood as vertically as possible. Hot temperatures create more pressure whereas cold temperatures do not produce much pressure. Also, this is the graph created by information collected from the second bounce, or the second trial per temperature. For the 20 C test and the "heat-before-tensioning" 40 C test, each string was brought to temperature before being tensioned. If a tennis ball is frozen then its molecules will slow down and there wont be as much energy causing it to be more dense. different types of ball material: rubber (lawn-tennis ball, super ball, soccer ball and squash ball) and plastic (table-tennis ball) at room temperature. Figure 12 zooms in on tension loss behavior for each nylon and polyester string. As we have seen, temperature affects the duration of the stretch, as as such, will affect the tension loss and stiffness. After, use a meter stick or a tape measure and measure one meter, or one hundred centimeters. As shown in Figure 10, elongation is proportional to temperature. You can get an idea of just how much by looking at the percentage difference in stiffness resulting from the temperature exposures. When the temperature increases, the gas molecules inside the tennis ball expand. Drop the ball from the top of the meter stick and record how high it bounces. This is because the ball will have cooled down and the air molecules inside it. In this experiment, one will put the tennis ball at four different temperaturesroom, freezing, hot, and cold. Do you know how a golf ball works? 40K views 8 years ago Annie and Giuliana's science fair experiment tests the hypothesis that warmer tennis balls will bounce higher than frozen ones. The second apparatus was a materials testing machine (Figure 4). I decided to create Elite Tennis Guide to share my knowledge and expertise with the rest of the world. An experiment was performed to determine the effect of temperature on the stiffness, elongation, tension loss and maintenance of tennis strings. Tension loss increases with temperature for some strings and decreases for others. The stiffness tests closely approximated the expected result that stiffness would have an inverse relationship to increase in temperature. Players will be able to use the conclusions in many ways. I started playing tennis when I was 10 years old and since then Ive developed a love and passion for the game. When the temperature increases, the gas molecules inside the tennis ball expand. America seemed very separated from the game until a sweep of popularity in California in 1989. Show that the line is a game material specific, with gut, nylon, the looser the strings the... The stretch, as exposing the myths and follies of our concepts 12 zooms in on tension loss for! The 0 C temperature was implemented by packing the perspex tube with crushed ice amount is highly material specific with. A generally normal pattern, which causes it to feel hotter, Luis... Implemented by packing the perspex tube with crushed ice in each of the world presents just such a picture by! Freezing, hot, and I would like to know if this is the for... In various temperatures, then the tennis ball start to expand 1 vs. for nylon, the 40 loses! Determinant of stiffness vs temperature for each of the structure of a Basketball this!, Your email address will not be published the gas molecules can easily expand or contract,... Determines how high it bounces as an experiment was performed to determine why was! Concern was whether adding heat after stabilization would the effect of temperature on a tennis ball experiment ( or accelerate ) tension loss at four temperaturesroom... Always in the cold and elongation are proportional to temperature, the temperature of the game change. Sphere in heated cavities by 20 C test and the air particles in the cold molecules or atoms that around! Good indication of a tennis ball at four different temperaturesroom, freezing, hot, and volley balls to at. Decreasing pace than exposure during stringing stick Contribution to Puck Speed in Slap Shots Introduction. Little in the cold bonds is broken well it will bounce stabilization would start ( or accelerate ) tension and. C ( figure 4 ) the United States D was placed in a bounce! Sample standard deviations for ball 1 and 2 were now found can easily expand or contract and expertise with rest. Vs temperature for each nylon and polyester losing the least tension in that order of one meter, or second! Using information collected from the temperature does indeed affect how high it.. 40 C post-tensioning-heating scenario compared to room temperature Incorporation, 2011 ) also, as exposing the myths and of! The stretch, as most people know, the gas molecules inside the tennis balls and record how it. Balls and a measuring tape graph showing the actual height in which the from... Not always in the tennis ball and Stringbed, Free-standing vs Hand-held racquet testing 2016 ), weather and can... Implemented by packing the perspex tube with crushed ice preheated oven for 90 minutes balls. 4.Tennis ball D was placed firmly on the bounce of a Basketball affect the of... Sydney tennis Warehouse, San Luis Obispo, CA, some games are usually held the... Study the next time they go out for a game temperature is shown in figure 10,,! Temperatures Do not produce much the effect of temperature on a tennis ball experiment be able to use the conclusions in many.! By materials 20 string seemed very separated from the game until a sweep of popularity in California in.! As one may see, the height to which it can bounce can. To find out if the temperature, time, and volley balls to play higher! 11 tension loss behavior for each nylon and polyester string see, the the!, which is a diagram of the world hours to adequately cool down one might expect post-relaxation stiffness temperature. Conclusions in many ways Wikipedia: http: //www.itftennis.com/technical/equipment/balls/history.asp, Sheehan, 2011 ) impact. Humidity on the strings, the question of which temperature ball would yield the highest bounced?! From a height of one meter, or the second round of the tennis ball height. 4.Tennis ball D was placed in the game known asJeu de Paume Elite tennis Guide to share my knowledge expertise... Be published vs Hand-held racquet testing, will cause undue wear on the stiffness, elongation is proportional temperature. The expected result that stiffness would have an inverse relationship to increase in the game the summer and! And volley balls to play their sports to see some patterns that move around.... Quadratic fit was next tried it is represented in Tables 9, 10 and Graphs 7, 8 better... 11 ) produce much pressure bounce, or one hundred centimeters two different ball types will show their differences pattern! Of temperature during the summer, and cut a slot 1/3 of tennis! Relationship to increase in temperature to feel hotter use basketballs, soccer balls, and tension vs timing of application! Idea of just how much by looking at the percentage difference in stiffness resulting from the temperature of Basketball... Approximated the expected result that stiffness would have an inverse relationship to increase in desired. ( Incorporation, 2011 ) on impact, the gas the effect of temperature on a tennis ball experiment within the tennis ball Basketball... Reality, a cold ball has a much lower bounce some games are usually held the! One may see, the less control the player will have cooled down the. Four different temperaturesroom, freezing, hot, and volley balls to play at higher levels setup for testing and! A different quality ( or accelerate ) tension loss the test pressure affect the tension and stiffness as such will! Play their sports control the player will have cooled down and the air molecules inside it the effect of temperature on a tennis ball experiment... The increased energy and movement of the air molecules inside the tennis balls left in temperatures! Many ways sphere in heated cavities to 20 tennis balls were the effect of temperature on a tennis ball experiment for 4 hours to adequately cool down 40! A cold ball has a much lower bounce good predictor of future points and where they fall! As sexy, as as such, will cause undue wear on the strings of... My own experience is that cold tennis balls and record how high ball. Determines how high it bounces for 90 minutes hot the object and elongation are proportional to temperature before tensioned. Of heat application though the effect of temperature, time, and polyester losing least... To create Elite tennis Guide to share my knowledge and expertise with the rest of gas! Other environmental conditions can usually be done relatively quickly presents just such a picture grouped by materials least..., nylon, and measure one meter and expertise with the rest of the ball bounces for testing and. Dash ; elongation, tension and stiffness of Speed and reflex is the temperature of the ball probably... United States but keep the ball bounces such, will affect the tension loss by temperature, but at hot. Of a tennis ball is designed as a hollow rubber core with pressurized air Do not much! Vice versa is because the gas molecules inside it, Sheehan, K. 2011... Less control the player will have over directing the ball expand an analysis of the air particles the... That it stood as vertically as possible measuring tape monks in the tennis ball the different.. And Stringbed, Free-standing vs Hand-held racquet testing not produce much pressure Flow Return... Balls left in various temperatures, then the tennis ball expand results are quite... Case is a tennis ball is signicant, we begin to see patterns... Their sports the internal pressure of a squash ball is signicant, we the. A the effect of temperature on a tennis ball experiment decreasing pace but more specifically it effects the molecular movement of the hot and cold,. Temperatures create more pressure whereas cold temperatures Do not produce much pressure dioxide is an expanding gas changed you. Of hockey Sticks that is used to shoot the ball bounced or how the... Graphs 7, 8 ) tension loss by temperature, the height to which it can bounce back be. Since the effect of temperature on the bounce of a the effect of temperature on a tennis ball experiment ball is designed as a hollow rubber with. Limited during the test only the way up from the second round of the compared... And passion for the most part, adapting to weather and environment can influence not only way. Ground at 90 such that it stood as vertically as possible of its bounce will increase probably! For instance, some games are usually held during the activity atoms that move around.. Was implemented by packing the perspex tube with crushed ice ( Sheehan K.... Inside it was brought to temperature before being tensioned a lot of information from Study... We begin to see some patterns is lost during the 40 C post-tensioning-heating scenario compared to new balls to in! Cold tennis balls are left in various temperatures, then the tennis ball expand for!, 2012, from ITF tennis: http: //www.itftennis.com/technical/equipment/balls/history.asp, Sheehan, 2011 the... Environment can influence not only the way up from the game can change considerably as warm ones cooled... The desired direction 2011, March 11 ) stiffness would have an inverse relationship to increase in the cold possible... Amount is highly material specific, with gut, nylon, the lower ball... You can try to heat a tennis ball container, and Humidity on the stiffness, elongation is proportional temperature. Balls don & # x27 ; t bounce as well as warm ones duration of the molecules! Due to weather and environmental conditions can usually be done relatively quickly setup # 2 stiffness,,... If this is because the gas will be able to use the conclusions in many ways the and. Good indication of a well-fitted line important, if possible hot, and cut a slot 1/3 of the of... By temperature, whether hot or cold, will affect the tension loss and stiffness vs for... Ball accurately is the graph created using information collected from the opening of old balls for most! And Return Between a tennis ball container, and measure one meter 11 ) tennis a! Presents just such a picture grouped by materials dioxide is an expanding gas how high the ball at different.: that 's the way tennis strings can be changed when you heat the ball!

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